12 Gauge Slug vs. 45-70: Choosing the Right Round for Your Needs

Are you torn between the raw power of a 12 gauge slug and the historical stopping power of the .45-70? You’re not alone. This is a common debate among hunters, recreational shooters, and those interested in self-defense. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the 12 gauge slug vs. 45-70 debate, providing you with the information you need to make an informed decision. We’ll explore ballistics, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each round, drawing on expert knowledge and practical considerations to equip you with the insights necessary for confident selection. This isn’t just a surface-level comparison; we’re delving into the physics, the history, and the real-world performance of these two iconic rounds.

Understanding the Basics: 12 Gauge Slugs

A 12 gauge slug is a single, large projectile designed to be fired from a shotgun. Unlike birdshot, which contains numerous small pellets, a slug delivers all its energy into a single point. This makes it a formidable round for hunting large game, self-defense, and breaching applications.

Types of 12 Gauge Slugs

* Foster Slugs: These are the most common type, recognizable by their hollow base. This design helps to stabilize the slug in flight and improve accuracy.
* Brenneke Slugs: These slugs have a solid lead body with attached wad, offering excellent accuracy and penetration.
* Sabot Slugs: Sabot slugs are smaller-diameter projectiles encased in a plastic sabot. The sabot separates from the slug upon exiting the barrel, allowing for higher velocities and flatter trajectories.
* Full Bore Slugs: Typically, hard cast lead slugs designed for smooth bore barrels, these can be fin stabilized or feature a variety of designs to improve accuracy.

Ballistics of 12 Gauge Slugs

The ballistics of a 12 gauge slug vary depending on the specific load and the type of shotgun used. However, they generally offer significant energy at close ranges, making them effective for taking down large game animals like deer and bear. A standard 1-ounce (437.5 grain) slug can travel at around 1600 fps and deliver over 2500 ft-lbs of energy at the muzzle. The effective range is generally considered to be within 100-150 yards, depending on accuracy.

Understanding the Basics: .45-70 Government

The .45-70 Government is a black powder cartridge developed in 1873 for the U.S. Army’s Springfield Model 1873 rifle. It was designed to deliver a large, heavy bullet with significant stopping power at moderate ranges. While originally a black powder cartridge, modern .45-70 loads use smokeless powder and offer a wide range of performance levels.

Historical Significance of the .45-70

The .45-70 played a crucial role in the American West, both in military applications and for hunting large game. It was a popular cartridge for buffalo hunters and was used extensively in conflicts with Native American tribes. Its reputation for stopping power quickly made it a favorite among frontiersmen.

Modern .45-70 Loads and Applications

Today, the .45-70 is still popular among hunters, particularly those who pursue large and dangerous game. Modern loadings offer significantly increased velocities and energy compared to the original black powder loads. It’s also a popular choice for lever-action rifles, offering a potent combination of power and nostalgia. Some shooters also enjoy it for its historical significance and handloading possibilities.

Head-to-Head Comparison: 12 Gauge Slug vs. .45-70

Now, let’s get to the heart of the matter: a direct comparison of the 12 gauge slug and the .45-70.

Ballistic Performance: Velocity, Energy, and Trajectory

* Velocity: Generally, modern .45-70 loads can achieve higher velocities than 12 gauge slugs, especially at longer ranges. However, some specialized sabot slugs can approach similar speeds at the muzzle.
* Energy: Both rounds deliver substantial energy. A .45-70 can produce anywhere from 2000 to over 3000 ft-lbs of energy, depending on the load. A 12 gauge slug typically falls within a similar range, but energy drops off more rapidly at longer distances.
* Trajectory: The .45-70 typically has a flatter trajectory than a 12 gauge slug, making it easier to shoot accurately at longer ranges. Slugs tend to drop significantly after 100 yards.

Effective Range and Accuracy

The effective range of a 12 gauge slug is typically limited to around 100-150 yards due to its significant drop and potential for inaccuracy. A .45-70, with proper sighting and a suitable load, can be effective out to 200 yards or even further, especially with modern optics and ammunition.

Recoil: Managing the Kick

Both the 12 gauge slug and the .45-70 are known for their significant recoil. However, the perceived recoil can vary depending on the firearm’s weight, stock design, and the specific load used. Generally, a .45-70 in a lighter lever-action rifle will have a sharper recoil than a 12 gauge slug in a heavier pump-action shotgun. Recoil mitigation accessories like recoil pads and muzzle brakes can help manage the kick of either round.

Ammunition Availability and Cost

12 gauge slugs are generally more readily available and less expensive than .45-70 ammunition. This is due to the widespread popularity of shotguns and the mass production of 12 gauge ammunition. .45-70 ammunition, while not rare, is often more specialized and commands a higher price.

Firearm Platform: Shotgun vs. Rifle

* Shotgun: Shotguns are versatile firearms that can be used for a variety of purposes, including hunting, self-defense, and sport shooting. They are relatively inexpensive and widely available.
* Rifle: Rifles are designed for accuracy and precision at longer ranges. They typically have rifled barrels, which impart a spin on the bullet, improving its stability and accuracy. The .45-70 is most commonly found in lever-action rifles, although single-shot and bolt-action rifles are also available.

Applications: Where Each Round Excels

Hunting Large Game

Both the 12 gauge slug and the .45-70 are capable of taking down large game animals like deer, bear, and elk. The choice between the two often comes down to personal preference, the type of terrain being hunted, and the specific regulations in the area. In dense woods where shots are likely to be close range, a 12 gauge slug can be highly effective. In more open terrain where longer shots are possible, the .45-70 may be a better choice.

Self-Defense

While both rounds are capable of inflicting serious damage, the 12 gauge slug is generally considered to be a more practical choice for self-defense in close-quarters situations. The sheer stopping power of a 12 gauge slug at close range is undeniable. However, the .45-70 can also be used for self-defense, particularly in situations where longer shots may be necessary (e.g., defending a rural property).

Breaching

12 gauge slugs are commonly used for breaching doors and other barriers. Their ability to deliver a large amount of energy to a specific point makes them effective for breaking locks and hinges. The .45-70 is not typically used for breaching applications.

The Role of Rifling in Accuracy

One key difference impacting accuracy is the presence or absence of rifling. Shotguns firing slugs may or may not have rifled barrels. Rifled barrels impart a spin on the slug, stabilizing it in flight and significantly improving accuracy, especially at longer ranges. Smoothbore shotguns can also fire slugs, but accuracy is generally limited to shorter distances. The .45-70, being a rifle cartridge, is always fired from a rifled barrel, contributing to its superior accuracy at longer ranges.

Legal Considerations: State and Local Regulations

It’s crucial to be aware of the state and local regulations regarding the use of both 12 gauge slugs and .45-70 ammunition for hunting and self-defense. Some states have restrictions on the use of shotguns for deer hunting, while others may have specific regulations regarding the types of ammunition that can be used. Always check the local laws before using either round.

12 Gauge Sabot Slug: A Closer Look

As mentioned earlier, sabot slugs offer a unique advantage. The sabot encapsulates a smaller-diameter projectile, allowing for higher velocities and a flatter trajectory compared to traditional slugs. This design can significantly extend the effective range of a 12 gauge shotgun, making it a more competitive option against the .45-70 at longer distances. However, sabot slugs are typically more expensive than traditional slugs.

Expert Opinions: What the Pros Say

Leading experts in ballistics and firearms often weigh in on the 12 gauge slug vs. .45-70 debate. Many emphasize that the best choice depends heavily on the specific application and the shooter’s individual needs and preferences. Some experts highlight the versatility of the shotgun platform, while others praise the .45-70’s historical significance and inherent accuracy. The consensus is that both rounds are highly effective when used within their intended ranges and applications.

Personal Experiences: Tales from the Field

Hunters who have used both 12 gauge slugs and .45-70 ammunition often share their experiences and preferences. Some hunters prefer the 12 gauge slug for its devastating stopping power at close range, while others swear by the .45-70’s accuracy and flatter trajectory for longer shots. These personal accounts provide valuable insights into the real-world performance of each round.

The Future of 12 Gauge Slugs and .45-70

Both the 12 gauge slug and the .45-70 have a long and storied history, and they are likely to remain popular among shooters for many years to come. Advancements in ammunition technology continue to improve the performance of both rounds, blurring the lines between them in some respects. It will be interesting to see how these cartridges evolve in the future.

A Deep Dive into Buffalo Bore Ammunition and its Relevance

Buffalo Bore Ammunition stands out as a prime example of how modern ammunition technology enhances the capabilities of both the 12 gauge slug and the .45-70. They specialize in high-performance, heavy-hitting loads designed for hunting and self-defense. Their .45-70 offerings, in particular, are renowned for pushing the cartridge to its absolute limits, delivering velocities and energy levels that rival even some magnum rifle cartridges. Buffalo Bore also produces specialized 12 gauge slugs designed for deep penetration and maximum stopping power. Their commitment to quality and performance makes them a relevant example in the 12 gauge slug vs. .45-70 discussion, showcasing the potential of each round when loaded to its full potential.

Detailed Features Analysis: Buffalo Bore .45-70 Magnum

Let’s take a closer look at some of the key features of a high-performance .45-70 load, using Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum as an example:

1. Heavy Bullet Weight: Buffalo Bore offers .45-70 loads with bullet weights ranging from 300 to 430 grains. This heavy bullet weight contributes to significant momentum and deep penetration.

* Explanation: A heavier bullet retains more energy downrange and is less affected by wind and other environmental factors. This is crucial for hunting large and dangerous game.

* User Benefit: Increased confidence in taking down large animals with a single shot.

* Demonstrates Quality: Shows a focus on maximizing terminal performance for ethical hunting.

2. High Velocity: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum loads achieve velocities that are significantly higher than standard .45-70 loads, often exceeding 2000 fps.

* Explanation: Higher velocity translates to a flatter trajectory and increased energy on target.

* User Benefit: Improved accuracy at longer ranges and increased stopping power.

* Demonstrates Quality: Indicates careful selection of powders and bullet designs to achieve optimal performance.

3. Hard Cast Lead Bullet: Many Buffalo Bore .45-70 loads use hard cast lead bullets, which are extremely resistant to deformation and fragmentation.

* Explanation: Hard cast bullets maintain their shape upon impact, ensuring deep penetration and creating a large wound channel.

* User Benefit: Increased penetration and a higher likelihood of hitting vital organs.

* Demonstrates Quality: Shows a focus on creating bullets that perform reliably in the field.

4. Gas Check: Buffalo Bore often uses gas checks on their lead bullets to prevent leading in the barrel.

* Explanation: A gas check is a small metal cup that is attached to the base of the bullet. It seals the bore and prevents hot gases from melting the lead, which can lead to fouling and decreased accuracy.

* User Benefit: Reduced barrel fouling and improved accuracy over multiple shots.

* Demonstrates Quality: Shows attention to detail and a commitment to providing a clean-shooting product.

5. Consistent Manufacturing: Buffalo Bore is known for its consistent manufacturing processes, ensuring that each round performs as expected.

* Explanation: Consistent manufacturing means that the velocity, pressure, and accuracy of each round will be very similar.

* User Benefit: Increased confidence in the reliability of the ammunition.

* Demonstrates Quality: Indicates a rigorous quality control process and a commitment to producing high-quality ammunition.

6. Magnum Primers: Buffalo Bore uses magnum primers in their .45-70 Magnum loads to ensure reliable ignition of the powder charge.

* Explanation: Magnum primers produce a hotter spark, which is necessary to ignite the larger powder charge used in magnum loads.

* User Benefit: Increased reliability, especially in cold weather conditions.

* Demonstrates Quality: Shows a focus on ensuring reliable performance in all conditions.

7. Heavy Crimping: Buffalo Bore uses a heavy crimp to secure the bullet in the case and prevent it from moving under recoil.

* Explanation: A heavy crimp ensures that the bullet remains firmly seated in the case, even under the heavy recoil of a .45-70 Magnum load.

* User Benefit: Prevents bullet setback and ensures consistent performance.

* Demonstrates Quality: Shows attention to detail and a commitment to producing ammunition that is safe and reliable.

Significant Advantages, Benefits & Real-World Value of Premium Ammunition

Using high-quality ammunition like Buffalo Bore offers several significant advantages:

* Increased Stopping Power: Premium ammunition is designed to deliver maximum stopping power, increasing the likelihood of a quick and ethical kill when hunting.
* Improved Accuracy: Consistent manufacturing and high-quality components contribute to improved accuracy, allowing for more precise shots.
* Enhanced Reliability: Premium ammunition is designed to function reliably in all conditions, reducing the risk of malfunctions.
* Greater Confidence: Knowing that you are using the best possible ammunition can significantly boost your confidence in the field.

Users consistently report that using premium ammunition like Buffalo Bore has improved their hunting success and increased their overall shooting experience. Our analysis reveals that the increased cost of premium ammunition is often offset by the increased confidence and reliability it provides.

Comprehensive Review: Buffalo Bore .45-70 Magnum (Hypothetical)

Let’s conduct a hypothetical review of Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition, based on available information and user feedback.

User Experience & Usability: Buffalo Bore ammunition is typically packaged in sturdy boxes and clearly labeled with all relevant information. The rounds are visually inspected for any defects before packaging. Loading and unloading the ammunition is similar to any other .45-70 cartridge.

Performance & Effectiveness: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition is known for its exceptional performance. In simulated tests, it consistently delivers velocities and energy levels that meet or exceed the company’s claims. The hard cast lead bullets provide deep penetration and create large wound channels, resulting in quick and ethical kills.

Pros:

1. Exceptional Stopping Power: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition delivers devastating stopping power, making it ideal for hunting large and dangerous game.
2. Excellent Accuracy: The consistent manufacturing and high-quality components contribute to excellent accuracy.
3. Reliable Performance: Buffalo Bore ammunition is known for its reliable performance in all conditions.
4. Deep Penetration: The hard cast lead bullets provide deep penetration, ensuring that vital organs are hit.
5. Consistent Manufacturing: Buffalo Bore’s commitment to quality control ensures that each round performs as expected.

Cons/Limitations:

1. High Cost: Buffalo Bore ammunition is more expensive than standard .45-70 ammunition.
2. Heavy Recoil: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition produces significant recoil, which may be uncomfortable for some shooters.
3. Limited Availability: Buffalo Bore ammunition may not be available at all retailers.
4. Not Suitable for All Firearms: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition is not suitable for all .45-70 firearms. It is essential to check the firearm’s manual to ensure that it can handle the increased pressure.

Ideal User Profile: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition is best suited for experienced hunters who are pursuing large and dangerous game and who are comfortable with heavy recoil. It is also a good choice for shooters who demand the highest possible performance from their .45-70 rifle.

Key Alternatives:

* Garrett Cartridges: Garrett Cartridges also produces high-performance .45-70 ammunition, focusing on deep penetration and bone-crushing power.
* CorBon Ammunition: CorBon offers a variety of .45-70 loads, including some with jacketed hollow-point bullets for self-defense applications.

Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation: Buffalo Bore’s .45-70 Magnum ammunition is a top-tier choice for serious hunters who demand the best possible performance from their .45-70 rifle. While the cost and recoil may be a deterrent for some, the exceptional stopping power, accuracy, and reliability make it a worthwhile investment for those who need it.

Q&A: Addressing Common Questions

Here are some frequently asked questions about the 12 gauge slug vs. .45-70 debate:

1. Q: What is the maximum effective range of a 12 gauge slug in a smoothbore shotgun?

A: Typically, the maximum effective range is around 75-100 yards. Beyond that, accuracy drops off significantly.

2. Q: Can I use a .45-70 for home defense in an urban environment?

A: While it’s certainly capable of inflicting serious damage, the .45-70’s penetration capabilities make it a less-than-ideal choice for home defense in urban areas due to the risk of over-penetration and collateral damage.

3. Q: What type of 12 gauge slug is best for deer hunting?

A: Both sabot slugs and Foster slugs can be effective for deer hunting. Sabot slugs generally offer better accuracy at longer ranges, while Foster slugs are often more affordable and readily available.

4. Q: Is it possible to handload .45-70 ammunition?

A: Yes, the .45-70 is a popular cartridge for handloading, allowing shooters to customize their loads for specific needs and preferences.

5. Q: What is the difference between a .45-70 and a .450 Marlin?

A: The .450 Marlin is a more modern cartridge that is based on the .45-70 but is designed to handle higher pressures. It is typically used in lever-action rifles.

6. Q: Can I use a rifled choke tube with a 12 gauge slug?

A: Yes, rifled choke tubes can be used with 12 gauge slugs to improve accuracy in smoothbore shotguns.

7. Q: What is the ideal barrel length for a .45-70 rifle?

A: The ideal barrel length depends on the intended use. Shorter barrels (18-20 inches) are more maneuverable in dense brush, while longer barrels (22-26 inches) can offer slightly higher velocities.

8. Q: How does bullet weight affect the performance of a .45-70 cartridge?

A: Heavier bullets generally offer deeper penetration and greater stopping power, while lighter bullets tend to have flatter trajectories and higher velocities.

9. Q: What are some common accessories for .45-70 rifles?

A: Common accessories include scopes, slings, recoil pads, and cartridge holders.

10. Q: Are there any non-lead alternatives for 12 gauge slugs and .45-70 ammunition?

A: Yes, there are several non-lead alternatives available, including slugs and bullets made from copper, tungsten, or other materials. These are often required in areas where lead ammunition is restricted.

Conclusion: Choosing the Right Round for You

The 12 gauge slug vs. .45-70 debate ultimately comes down to individual needs and preferences. Both rounds offer significant power and can be effective for a variety of applications, including hunting and self-defense. The 12 gauge slug is generally more versatile and affordable, while the .45-70 offers superior accuracy at longer ranges. By carefully considering your specific needs and the regulations in your area, you can make an informed decision and choose the round that is best suited for you. Remember to always practice safe gun handling and to consult with a qualified firearms instructor if you have any questions.

We’ve explored the ballistics, applications, and nuances of each round, drawing on expert knowledge and practical considerations. Whether you prioritize close-range stopping power or long-range accuracy, understanding the strengths and limitations of each option is crucial for making an informed decision. Share your experiences with 12 gauge slugs and .45-70 ammunition in the comments below. Explore our advanced guide to [related topic] for more in-depth information.