17 WSM vs. 17 HMR: A Comprehensive Ballistics and Performance Comparison

The world of rimfire cartridges offers a diverse range of options for target shooting, varmint hunting, and plinking. Two popular choices that often spark debate are the .17 Winchester Super Magnum (WSM) and the .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (HMR). Both cartridges offer flat trajectories and impressive accuracy, but they differ significantly in terms of velocity, energy, and overall performance. This comprehensive comparison delves into the intricacies of each cartridge, providing a detailed analysis to help you determine which one best suits your needs.

Understanding the Basics: 17 WSM and 17 HMR

Before diving into a head-to-head comparison, it’s crucial to understand the fundamental differences between these two rimfire rounds.

17 HMR: The Established Performer

The .17 HMR was introduced in 2002 by Hornady, quickly gaining popularity for its flat trajectory and pinpoint accuracy. It’s based on a necked-down .22 Magnum case, firing a .17 caliber bullet. The .17 HMR is known for its relatively high velocity and is a favorite among varmint hunters targeting prairie dogs, squirrels, and other small game.

17 WSM: The Speed Demon

The .17 WSM, launched by Winchester in 2012, is a more recent addition to the rimfire market. It’s based on a .27 caliber nail gun blank, necked down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. The .17 WSM boasts significantly higher velocity than the .17 HMR, making it the fastest rimfire cartridge currently available. This increased velocity translates to a flatter trajectory and greater energy on target.

Ballistics Comparison: Velocity, Energy, and Trajectory

The most significant difference between the .17 WSM and the .17 HMR lies in their ballistic performance. Let’s examine the key metrics:

Velocity

Velocity is the speed at which the bullet travels downrange. The .17 WSM consistently outperforms the .17 HMR in this category. Typical .17 HMR rounds fire a 17-grain bullet at around 2,550 feet per second (fps), while .17 WSM rounds of the same weight can reach velocities of 3,000 fps or more. This difference in velocity has a significant impact on trajectory and energy.

Energy

Energy, measured in foot-pounds (ft-lbs), represents the amount of force the bullet delivers upon impact. Due to its higher velocity, the .17 WSM carries significantly more energy downrange than the .17 HMR. A typical .17 HMR round delivers around 245 ft-lbs of energy at the muzzle, while a .17 WSM round can generate upwards of 340 ft-lbs. This increased energy makes the .17 WSM a more effective choice for larger varmints and longer-range shooting.

Trajectory

Trajectory refers to the path of the bullet in flight. A flatter trajectory means the bullet drops less over a given distance, making it easier to hit your target. The .17 WSM’s higher velocity results in a significantly flatter trajectory compared to the .17 HMR. This is especially noticeable at longer ranges, where the .17 HMR’s bullet drop becomes more pronounced.

Example: At 200 yards, a .17 WSM bullet might drop only 4-5 inches, while a .17 HMR bullet could drop 7-8 inches. This difference can be critical when shooting at small targets or in windy conditions.

Accuracy and Effective Range

Both the .17 WSM and the .17 HMR are known for their excellent accuracy. However, the effective range at which that accuracy can be maintained differs due to the ballistic characteristics of each cartridge.

17 HMR: Accurate and Effective at Moderate Ranges

The .17 HMR is generally considered accurate out to around 150 yards. Beyond that distance, its bullet drop becomes more significant, and wind drift can also become a factor. However, within its effective range, the .17 HMR is capable of delivering very tight groups, making it a popular choice for target shooting and small game hunting.

17 WSM: Extended Range Capability

The .17 WSM’s higher velocity and flatter trajectory allow it to maintain accuracy at longer ranges. Many shooters report consistent accuracy out to 200 yards or even further with the .17 WSM. This extended range makes it a more versatile option for varmint hunters who may encounter longer shots.

Firearm Availability and Cost

Another factor to consider when choosing between the .17 WSM and the .17 HMR is the availability of firearms and ammunition, as well as the associated costs.

17 HMR: Widespread Availability and Affordable Ammunition

The .17 HMR has been around for much longer than the .17 WSM, and as a result, it enjoys wider availability. Rifles chambered in .17 HMR are produced by numerous manufacturers, and ammunition is readily available at most sporting goods stores. Furthermore, .17 HMR ammunition is generally less expensive than .17 WSM ammunition.

17 WSM: More Limited Selection and Higher Cost

The .17 WSM has a smaller selection of available rifles compared to the .17 HMR. While several manufacturers offer rifles chambered in .17 WSM, the choices are not as extensive. Additionally, .17 WSM ammunition tends to be more expensive than .17 HMR ammunition due to its more complex manufacturing process and lower production volume.

Recoil and Noise

Both the .17 WSM and the .17 HMR produce very little recoil, making them comfortable to shoot for extended periods. However, the .17 WSM generally produces slightly more recoil than the .17 HMR due to its higher power. Similarly, the .17 WSM tends to be slightly louder than the .17 HMR.

Pros and Cons: A Summary

To help you make an informed decision, here’s a summary of the pros and cons of each cartridge:

17 HMR

Pros:

Excellent accuracy at moderate ranges
Wider availability of rifles and ammunition
More affordable ammunition
Low recoil and noise

Cons:

Shorter effective range compared to the .17 WSM
More significant bullet drop at longer ranges
Less energy on target

17 WSM

Pros:

Higher velocity and flatter trajectory
Greater energy on target
Extended effective range

Cons:

More limited selection of rifles
More expensive ammunition
Slightly more recoil and noise

Practical Applications: Which Cartridge is Right for You?

The best choice between the .17 WSM and the .17 HMR depends on your specific needs and intended use. Here are some scenarios to consider:

Varmint Hunting

For varmint hunting, both cartridges are effective, but the .17 WSM offers several advantages. Its higher velocity, flatter trajectory, and greater energy make it a better choice for longer-range shots and larger varmints. If you frequently encounter shots beyond 150 yards, the .17 WSM is the clear winner. However, if you primarily hunt at closer ranges, the .17 HMR can be a more economical and readily available option.

Target Shooting

For target shooting, both cartridges can deliver excellent accuracy. The .17 HMR is a popular choice for benchrest shooting and other precision disciplines due to its inherent accuracy and affordable ammunition. However, the .17 WSM’s flatter trajectory can be an advantage when shooting at longer distances or in windy conditions.

Plinking

For casual plinking, the .17 HMR is often the more practical choice due to its lower cost and wider availability. However, if you enjoy pushing the limits of rimfire performance, the .17 WSM can provide a more exciting and challenging experience.

The Future of Rimfire: Innovations and Advancements

The rimfire cartridge market continues to evolve, with manufacturers constantly striving to improve performance and introduce new innovations. Both the .17 WSM and the .17 HMR are likely to see further development in the coming years, with new ammunition offerings and rifle designs pushing the boundaries of rimfire capabilities.

One area of potential development is in bullet technology. Advanced bullet designs, such as polymer-tipped bullets and controlled-expansion bullets, could further enhance the effectiveness of both cartridges on varmints and small game.

Another area of focus is on improving ammunition consistency and accuracy. Manufacturers are constantly working to refine their manufacturing processes to produce more consistent ammunition that delivers tighter groups and more reliable performance.

Conclusion: Choosing the Right Rimfire for Your Needs

The .17 WSM and the .17 HMR are both excellent rimfire cartridges that offer unique advantages. The .17 WSM stands out for its higher velocity, flatter trajectory, and greater energy, making it a better choice for longer-range varmint hunting. The .17 HMR, on the other hand, offers excellent accuracy at moderate ranges, wider availability, and more affordable ammunition, making it a popular choice for target shooting and plinking. Ultimately, the best choice depends on your individual needs, preferences, and intended use. Consider the factors discussed in this comparison, and choose the cartridge that best aligns with your shooting style and goals.