AK-47 Ammunition Size: The Definitive Guide (2024)

Are you looking for comprehensive information on the AK-47 ammunition size? Whether you’re a seasoned firearms enthusiast, a hunter, or simply curious about this iconic rifle, understanding the specifications of its ammunition is crucial. This guide provides an in-depth look at the AK-47 ammunition size, covering everything from its dimensions and ballistics to its performance and real-world applications. We’ll delve into the nuances that separate it from other ammunition types and provide expert insights to ensure you have a complete understanding. Our goal is to provide unparalleled value, drawing on expert knowledge and practical understanding to ensure you’re well-informed.

Understanding the AK-47 Ammunition: 7.62x39mm

The AK-47, designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov, is chambered for the 7.62x39mm cartridge. This intermediate rifle cartridge was developed by the Soviet Union during World War II and has since become one of the most widely used rifle cartridges in the world. Understanding the dimensions and characteristics of this round is key to understanding the AK-47’s effectiveness.

The Dimensions of 7.62x39mm Ammunition

The 7.62x39mm designation refers to the bullet diameter (7.62mm) and the case length (39mm). Here’s a breakdown of the key dimensions:

* **Bullet Diameter:** 7.62mm (.30 caliber)
* **Case Length:** 39mm (1.535 inches)
* **Overall Length:** 56mm (2.205 inches)
* **Rim Diameter:** 11.35mm (0.447 inches)
* **Base Diameter:** 11.2mm (0.441 inches)
* **Neck Diameter:** 8.4mm (0.331 inches)

These dimensions are crucial for ensuring proper chambering, firing, and extraction in AK-47 rifles and other firearms designed for this cartridge. The slightly tapered case design aids in reliable feeding and extraction, which is a hallmark of the AK-47’s reliability.

Ballistics and Performance of 7.62x39mm

The 7.62x39mm cartridge is known for its balance of power and controllability. It delivers more energy than smaller cartridges like the 5.56x45mm NATO, but has more manageable recoil than larger rifle cartridges. Here’s a look at its typical ballistics:

* **Muzzle Velocity:** Around 2,350 feet per second (fps) with a 123-grain bullet.
* **Muzzle Energy:** Approximately 1,540 foot-pounds (ft-lbs).
* **Effective Range:** Generally considered to be around 300-400 meters (330-440 yards).

The trajectory of the 7.62x39mm round is more curved than flatter-shooting cartridges, requiring shooters to compensate for bullet drop at longer distances. However, its terminal ballistics (the effect on the target) are significant due to its larger bullet diameter and weight. This makes it effective against soft targets and provides good penetration.

Variations in 7.62x39mm Ammunition

While the basic dimensions remain consistent, there are several variations in 7.62x39mm ammunition:

* **Bullet Weight:** Most commonly 122-125 grains, but can range from 120 to 154 grains.
* **Bullet Type:**
* **Full Metal Jacket (FMJ):** Standard military and target ammunition.
* **Hollow Point (HP):** Designed for expansion and increased stopping power.
* **Soft Point (SP):** Similar to hollow points, but with a softer exposed lead tip.
* **Armor-Piercing (AP):** Designed to penetrate armor or hard targets.
* **Tracer:** Contains a pyrotechnic compound that illuminates the bullet’s path.
* **Case Material:** Steel (common in military surplus) or brass (typically used in commercial ammunition).
* **Primer Type:** Primarily Berdan or Boxer, with Boxer primers being reloadable.

The choice of bullet type and case material can affect the ammunition’s performance, accuracy, and reliability. Steel-cased ammunition is generally more affordable but may be less accurate and can cause increased wear on firearms. Brass-cased ammunition is more expensive but offers better corrosion resistance and reloadability.

The Role of Ammunition in AK-47 Performance

Ammunition is inextricably linked to the AK-47’s performance. The 7.62x39mm cartridge was specifically designed to provide a balance of power, range, and controllability in a compact, lightweight rifle. The cartridge’s design contributes to the AK-47’s reputation for reliability, even under harsh conditions.

Reliability and Function

The AK-47’s design, combined with the 7.62x39mm cartridge, ensures reliable feeding, chambering, and extraction. The tapered case of the cartridge aids in smooth extraction, even when the rifle is dirty or poorly maintained. This reliability has made the AK-47 a favorite among military forces and civilian shooters worldwide.

Accuracy Considerations

While the AK-47 is not known for pinpoint accuracy compared to some other rifles, the 7.62x39mm cartridge is capable of acceptable accuracy at moderate ranges. Factors affecting accuracy include:

* **Ammunition Quality:** Consistent manufacturing and quality control are essential for accuracy. Premium commercial ammunition generally offers better accuracy than surplus military ammunition.
* **Rifle Condition:** The condition of the rifle, including the barrel, trigger, and sights, significantly impacts accuracy.
* **Shooter Skill:** Proper shooting technique, including trigger control, sight alignment, and breathing, is crucial for achieving consistent accuracy.

Terminal Ballistics and Stopping Power

The 7.62x39mm cartridge is known for its significant terminal ballistics, meaning its effect on the target. The larger bullet diameter and weight contribute to greater energy transfer and stopping power compared to smaller cartridges. This makes it an effective choice for hunting medium-sized game and for self-defense purposes.

Comparing 7.62x39mm to Other Ammunition Types

To fully appreciate the characteristics of the 7.62x39mm cartridge, it’s helpful to compare it to other common rifle cartridges.

7. 62x39mm vs. 5.56x45mm NATO

The 5.56x45mm NATO cartridge is widely used in AR-15 rifles and other modern military rifles. Here’s a comparison:

* **Energy:** 7.62x39mm delivers significantly more energy on target.
* **Recoil:** 7.62x39mm has more noticeable recoil.
* **Trajectory:** 5.56x45mm has a flatter trajectory, making it easier to shoot at longer ranges.
* **Weight:** 5.56x45mm ammunition is lighter, allowing soldiers to carry more rounds.

The choice between these two cartridges often depends on the specific application and priorities. The 7.62x39mm is preferred for its stopping power, while the 5.56x45mm is favored for its flatter trajectory and lighter weight.

7. 62x39mm vs. .308 Winchester (7.62x51mm NATO)

The .308 Winchester is a larger, more powerful cartridge commonly used in sniper rifles and hunting rifles. Here’s a comparison:

* **Energy:** .308 Winchester delivers significantly more energy than 7.62x39mm.
* **Range:** .308 Winchester has a much longer effective range.
* **Recoil:** .308 Winchester has significantly more recoil.
* **Size and Weight:** .308 Winchester ammunition is larger and heavier.

The .308 Winchester is suitable for long-range shooting and hunting large game, while the 7.62x39mm is a more compact and manageable option for close to medium-range engagements.

Choosing the Right 7.62x39mm Ammunition

Selecting the appropriate 7.62x39mm ammunition depends on your intended use. Consider the following factors:

* **Purpose:** Are you using the ammunition for target practice, hunting, or self-defense?
* **Bullet Type:** Choose the bullet type that best suits your needs. FMJ is suitable for target practice, while hollow point or soft point bullets are preferred for hunting and self-defense.
* **Case Material:** Steel-cased ammunition is more affordable but may be less reliable and accurate. Brass-cased ammunition offers better corrosion resistance and reloadability.
* **Quality:** Invest in high-quality ammunition from reputable manufacturers to ensure consistent performance and reliability.

The Future of 7.62x39mm Ammunition

Despite the proliferation of newer cartridges, the 7.62x39mm remains a popular and widely used option. Ongoing developments in ammunition technology may lead to improved performance and accuracy in the future. New bullet designs and propellant formulations could enhance the cartridge’s terminal ballistics and extend its effective range. As long as the AK-47 remains in use, its ammunition will remain relevant.

Expert Insights on Ammunition Selection and Maintenance

Based on years of experience, here are some expert insights on ammunition:

* **Storage:** Store ammunition in a cool, dry place to prevent corrosion and degradation.
* **Inspection:** Regularly inspect ammunition for signs of damage or corrosion before use.
* **Cleaning:** Keep your firearm clean and properly lubricated to ensure reliable feeding and extraction.
* **Safety:** Always follow safe gun handling practices when loading, firing, and unloading firearms.

In-Depth Review of Wolf Ammunition 7.62x39mm

Wolf Ammunition is a popular choice for 7.62x39mm rounds, known for its affordability and availability. Let’s break down the features and performance:

Overview

Wolf Ammunition is primarily manufactured in Russia and is known for its steel-cased, non-corrosive rounds. It’s a budget-friendly option for high-volume shooting.

Key Features

* **Steel Case:** Provides cost savings but can be less corrosion-resistant than brass.
* **Polymer Coating:** Helps with smooth feeding and extraction.
* **Non-Corrosive Primers:** Reduces the risk of corrosion in the firearm’s barrel.
* **Full Metal Jacket (FMJ):** Standard bullet type for target practice.

User Experience and Usability

From a practical standpoint, Wolf Ammunition is easy to use. The polymer coating assists in smooth feeding, and the non-corrosive primers make it suitable for a wide range of AK-47s. However, some users report slightly increased fouling compared to brass-cased ammunition.

Performance and Effectiveness

Wolf Ammunition delivers consistent performance at moderate ranges. While it may not be the most accurate ammunition available, it is reliable for target practice and recreational shooting. In our experience, it’s a solid choice for those who prioritize affordability.

Pros

1. **Affordability:** Significantly cheaper than brass-cased alternatives.
2. **Availability:** Widely available in most gun stores and online retailers.
3. **Non-Corrosive:** Safe for use in most firearms without causing corrosion.
4. **Polymer Coating:** Aids in smooth feeding and extraction.
5. **Consistent Performance:** Reliable for target practice and recreational shooting.

Cons/Limitations

1. **Steel Case:** Can cause increased wear on extractors.
2. **Accuracy:** Not as accurate as premium brass-cased ammunition.
3. **Reloadability:** Steel cases are not reloadable.
4. **Fouling:** Some users report increased fouling compared to brass-cased ammunition.

Ideal User Profile

Wolf Ammunition is best suited for shooters who prioritize affordability and high-volume shooting. It’s a good choice for target practice, recreational shooting, and training exercises. It may not be the best option for those who demand pinpoint accuracy or plan to reload their ammunition.

Key Alternatives

* **Tula Ammunition:** Similar to Wolf, offering affordable steel-cased ammunition.
* **Brown Bear Ammunition:** Another budget-friendly option with steel cases.

Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation

Overall, Wolf Ammunition 7.62x39mm is a solid choice for shooters seeking an affordable and reliable option for target practice and recreational shooting. While it may not offer the same level of accuracy or reloadability as premium brass-cased ammunition, its affordability and availability make it a popular choice. We recommend it for those who prioritize cost-effectiveness and high-volume shooting.

Frequently Asked Questions About AK-47 Ammunition Size

Here are 10 insightful questions about AK-47 ammunition size, reflecting common user queries:

1. **What is the standard bullet weight for 7.62x39mm ammunition?**

The standard bullet weight is typically between 122 and 125 grains, although variations exist. Lighter bullets may offer higher velocities, while heavier bullets may provide better penetration.

2. **Can I use 7.62x39mm ammunition in an AR-15 rifle?**

Yes, but you’ll need an AR-15 specifically chambered for 7.62x39mm. Standard AR-15 rifles are chambered for 5.56x45mm NATO.

3. **What is the effective range of the 7.62x39mm cartridge?**

The effective range is generally considered to be around 300-400 meters (330-440 yards). Beyond this range, bullet drop becomes more significant, and accuracy decreases.

4. **Is steel-cased ammunition safe to use in all AK-47 rifles?**

While most AK-47 rifles are designed to handle steel-cased ammunition, some high-end or custom-built rifles may not be optimized for it. Always consult the manufacturer’s recommendations.

5. **What is the difference between Berdan and Boxer primers?**

Berdan primers have two flash holes and are typically not reloadable, while Boxer primers have a single flash hole and are reloadable. Boxer primers are more common in commercial ammunition.

6. **How does bullet type affect the performance of 7.62x39mm ammunition?**

Different bullet types are designed for different purposes. FMJ bullets are suitable for target practice, while hollow point and soft point bullets are preferred for hunting and self-defense due to their expansion and increased stopping power.

7. **What is the best way to store 7.62x39mm ammunition?**

Store ammunition in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Use airtight containers to prevent moisture from damaging the ammunition.

8. **Can I reload 7.62x39mm ammunition?**

Yes, but only if the ammunition has brass cases and Boxer primers. Steel-cased ammunition is generally not reloadable.

9. **What are the signs of damaged or corroded 7.62x39mm ammunition?**

Look for signs of rust, corrosion, dents, or cracks on the case, bullet, or primer. Do not use damaged ammunition, as it may be unsafe to fire.

10. **How does the 7.62x39mm compare to the 7.62x54R cartridge?**

The 7.62x54R is a larger, more powerful cartridge primarily used in Russian sniper rifles and machine guns. It has a longer effective range and delivers more energy than the 7.62x39mm, but it also has more recoil.

Conclusion

Understanding the AK-47 ammunition size, specifically the 7.62x39mm cartridge, is essential for anyone interested in this iconic rifle. From its dimensions and ballistics to its performance and variations, a thorough understanding of this ammunition will enhance your knowledge and appreciation of the AK-47. Whether you’re a seasoned shooter or a curious beginner, this guide has provided you with the information you need to make informed decisions and ensure safe and effective use of 7.62x39mm ammunition. Share your experiences with 7.62x39mm ammunition in the comments below, or explore our advanced guide to AK-47 maintenance for more in-depth information.