Dune buggy front suspension kit: Unleash the off-road beast within! This comprehensive guide dives into the heart of dune buggy customization, exploring everything from the fundamental components to advanced customization techniques. Prepare to conquer any terrain with the right suspension setup.
From understanding the different types of suspension systems to mastering the installation process, this detailed overview will equip you with the knowledge to choose the perfect front suspension kit for your dune buggy. We’ll also delve into essential safety considerations and troubleshooting to ensure a smooth and safe off-road experience. Get ready to transform your dune buggy into a powerful machine.
Introduction to Dune Buggy Front Suspension Kits
Dune buggies, those iconic off-road vehicles, rely heavily on robust front suspension systems to handle the rigors of challenging terrain. A well-designed kit is crucial for a smooth ride, superior handling, and maximum control, especially when tackling rough surfaces and obstacles. These kits aren’t just about looks; they’re about performance.Front suspension systems in dune buggies are engineered to absorb impacts, maintain vehicle stability, and allow for controlled articulation over varied surfaces.
Understanding the key components and the different types available is essential for selecting the right system for your specific dune buggy needs and driving style. This overview will explore the fundamental elements and highlight the importance of a well-engineered front suspension.
Fundamental Components of a Front Suspension Kit
A typical dune buggy front suspension kit comprises several interconnected components working in harmony. These include the control arms, shock absorbers, steering components, and the mounting hardware. Control arms link the suspension to the frame, providing the primary leverage for movement. Shock absorbers dampen the impact and oscillation to create a smooth ride. Steering components are integral for maintaining control and precision during maneuvers.
Proper mounting hardware is critical for maintaining alignment and ensuring structural integrity.
Importance of a Well-Designed Front Suspension
A well-designed front suspension is paramount for optimal off-road performance. It dictates the vehicle’s ability to navigate uneven terrain without excessive bounce, pitch, or roll. A responsive suspension system allows for precise control over the vehicle, essential for maneuvering in tight spaces and challenging off-road conditions. This translates to greater safety and a more enjoyable off-road experience.
Types of Dune Buggy Front Suspension Systems
Understanding the different types of front suspension systems is crucial for making an informed choice. Each system has its own strengths and weaknesses, making the selection dependent on the intended use and driving style.
| Suspension Type | Description | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Suspension | Allows each wheel to move independently, minimizing the transfer of impacts between wheels. Provides improved handling, stability, and ride quality over rough terrain. | Enhanced ride quality, improved handling, better articulation over obstacles. | More complex design, potentially higher cost. |
| Solid Axle Suspension | Uses a single axle to support both wheels. Simpler design, typically more affordable. | Simpler design, generally lower cost. | Reduced ride quality, limited articulation over obstacles, and potentially less precise handling. |
Types of Dune Buggy Front Suspension Kits
Dune buggies, those iconic off-road vehicles, rely heavily on their suspension systems for a smooth ride and superior handling, especially over rough terrain. Choosing the right suspension kit is crucial for performance and longevity. Different suspension types cater to varying needs and preferences, influencing how your buggy performs in different conditions.Understanding the nuances of coil springs, leaf springs, and air suspension is essential for making an informed decision.
Each type offers a unique set of advantages and disadvantages, impacting factors like ride comfort, durability, and cost.
Coil Spring Suspension, Dune buggy front suspension kit
Coil springs are a common choice for dune buggy front suspensions due to their relatively low cost and ease of installation. They provide a reasonably comfortable ride, although they might not match the ride quality of more sophisticated systems. A key advantage is their ability to handle moderate impacts, making them suitable for less extreme off-road adventures. However, coil springs often have a limited travel range compared to other options.
Their responsiveness to changes in the terrain is generally good, but the suspension might feel less stable at high speeds or on exceptionally rough surfaces.
Leaf Spring Suspension
Leaf spring suspension systems are another popular choice, offering a rugged, durable, and often more affordable solution. Their strength makes them ideal for heavy-duty dune buggies or those often carrying significant weight. The robustness of leaf springs translates to superior load-bearing capacity, allowing for greater payloads. A disadvantage is the often harsher ride compared to coil springs, which can be less comfortable over uneven terrain.
However, this inherent durability often makes them more reliable and less prone to damage from heavy impacts.
Air Suspension
Air suspension systems offer a remarkable degree of adjustability and versatility. They allow for fine-tuning the ride height and damping to optimize the buggy’s performance in various conditions. This adaptability translates to a highly customized ride, perfect for those who frequently navigate different terrains. However, air suspension systems often come with a higher initial cost and require more complex maintenance compared to coil or leaf springs.
Their precision control and responsiveness can be invaluable in demanding off-road scenarios, but the need for regular air pressure checks and potential component issues can increase the overall maintenance burden.
Comparison Table
| Suspension Type | Load Capacity | Travel | Maintenance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coil Springs | Moderate | Moderate | Relatively Low |
| Leaf Springs | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| Air Suspension | Moderate to High | High | High |
Component Analysis of Front Suspension Kits
Dune buggy front suspension kits are meticulously designed to handle the rigors of off-road adventures. Understanding the function and specifications of each component is crucial for optimizing performance and longevity. Choosing the right parts ensures a smooth ride and superior handling.The heart of a dune buggy’s front suspension lies in the precise interplay of its components. Each element, from the resilient springs to the responsive shocks, plays a vital role in absorbing impacts, maintaining stability, and transmitting controlled forces.
Analyzing these components reveals the intricate engineering that underpins a successful off-road experience.
Shocks
Suspension shocks, often called dampers, are critical for controlling the movement of the suspension. They absorb the energy from impacts, preventing excessive bouncing and oscillations. This is paramount for maintaining control and minimizing wear and tear on the entire system. High-quality shocks are crucial for a smooth ride and enhanced handling. Shocks are typically rated by their damping force and compression/rebound rates, providing a critical measure of their ability to manage impacts.
Springs
Coil springs, leaf springs, or torsion bars provide the primary support and cushioning within the suspension system. Their function is to compress and extend, absorbing the energy from bumps and irregularities in the terrain. The spring rate (or spring constant) is a key specification, indicating how much force is required to compress the spring a certain distance. Higher spring rates offer greater support, but might result in a harsher ride.
Control Arms
Control arms are crucial for connecting the suspension components to the chassis and for maintaining the precise alignment of the wheels. They act as levers, transmitting forces between the suspension and the vehicle. Strong, durable control arms are essential to ensure precise steering and handling, especially during high-speed off-roading. Material selection and manufacturing precision are vital to prevent stress fractures or misalignment.
Ball Joints
Ball joints are essential pivots for the control arms. They allow for smooth articulation of the suspension components, enabling the wheels to move freely in response to terrain changes. The quality of ball joints directly impacts steering responsiveness and handling stability. Proper lubrication and maintenance are paramount to prolonging their life. The material selection of ball joints, often a durable metal alloy, is crucial for resisting wear and tear.
Material Properties and Specifications
Different materials are used for different components based on the intended use and operating conditions. High-strength steel alloys, aluminum, and other specialized materials are commonly employed. The choice of material significantly impacts the component’s durability, strength, and resistance to wear and tear. Specific properties like tensile strength, yield strength, and fatigue resistance are vital for selecting appropriate materials.
Importance of Component Selection
Selecting the right components for a dune buggy suspension kit directly impacts the vehicle’s performance. A high-quality suspension kit will deliver a smooth ride, exceptional handling, and extended lifespan. Improper component selection can lead to poor handling, premature wear, and potential safety issues. Matching component specifications to the vehicle’s intended use is critical for optimizing performance.
Specifications Table (Example)
| Component | Kit Type | Spring Rate (lbs/in) | Shock Damping | Control Arm Material | Ball Joint Diameter (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front Suspension | Standard | 100 | Medium | High-Strength Steel | 20 |
| Front Suspension | Heavy-Duty | 150 | High | Forged Steel | 25 |
| Front Suspension | Lightweight | 75 | Low | Aluminum Alloy | 18 |
Installation and Setup Procedures
Transforming your dune buggy into a beast of the dunes starts with a meticulous installation process. Proper setup is paramount to ensuring optimal performance, durability, and a smooth ride. This section provides a comprehensive guide, ensuring your suspension upgrade is a success.
Step-by-Step Installation Process
The installation process should be approached methodically, with attention to detail at every stage. Begin by gathering all necessary tools and components. Having a well-lit workspace and a clear, organized layout of parts will save you time and frustration. Always refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for specific details. A clear understanding of the procedure will ensure a successful outcome.
- Disassemble the existing front suspension components, taking careful notes of the original setup. Proper documentation will assist in a smooth reassembly process.
- Carefully align and secure the new suspension components, ensuring all parts are properly aligned with the vehicle’s frame.
- Precisely install and torque all fasteners, following the manufacturer’s specifications to guarantee structural integrity and prevent premature wear.
- Thoroughly inspect all connections and attachments for any signs of damage or misalignment. This proactive measure will ensure longevity and performance.
- Once all components are installed, test the suspension for proper functionality and stability. Driving the vehicle on smooth surfaces initially will allow you to evaluate the installation.
Proper Alignment Procedures
Accurate alignment is critical for handling, stability, and overall performance. Improper alignment can lead to uneven tire wear and reduced steering responsiveness.
- Consult the manufacturer’s specifications for precise alignment angles and tolerances.
- Use specialized alignment tools to ensure accurate measurements, ensuring that the suspension components are aligned correctly with the vehicle’s frame.
- Check and adjust the alignment as needed to achieve optimal performance. A professional alignment service can be used for complex or intricate adjustments.
Torque Specifications
Using the correct torque settings for each fastener is vital for the longevity and safety of your suspension system. Insufficient tightening can lead to loosening and potential failure, while excessive tightening can damage components.
| Component | Bolt/Nut Size | Torque Specification (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| Upper Control Arm Bolt | 12mm | 50-60 |
| Lower Control Arm Bolt | 14mm | 60-70 |
| Shock Mount Bolt | 10mm | 30-40 |
| Tie Rod End Bolt | 17mm | 75-85 |
Note: These are example torque specifications. Always refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for precise values.
Shock Tuning and Adjustment Techniques
Shock tuning allows you to customize the suspension’s performance characteristics. Different shock settings are suitable for varying terrain and driving styles.
- Adjust the rebound and compression settings according to your specific needs and driving style.
- Experiment with different settings to find the optimal balance between ride comfort and handling. For instance, a stiffer setting is ideal for rough terrain.
- Monitor the vehicle’s response to various driving conditions and adjust the shock settings accordingly.
Performance and Durability Considerations
Choosing the right front suspension kit for your dune buggy is crucial for a smooth ride and long-lasting performance. It’s not just about aesthetics; the suspension system directly impacts how your buggy handles and how long it lasts. A well-tuned system will provide a comfortable ride over varied terrain while maintaining its structural integrity.Suspension kits offer a wide range of performance characteristics.
Some prioritize a smooth ride, while others emphasize handling and off-road capability. Understanding these differences is key to selecting the kit that best suits your needs and driving style. This section delves into the factors influencing ride quality, durability, and the essential maintenance required to keep your suspension system in top condition.
Ride Quality and Handling
Different suspension kits tailor the dune buggy’s response to bumps and turns. A stiffer suspension, for example, offers more control during aggressive off-road maneuvers, but might result in a harsher ride over less challenging terrain. Conversely, a softer suspension provides a smoother ride, absorbing shocks more effectively, but could reduce handling precision in high-speed turns. The ideal choice depends heavily on the type of terrain you frequently traverse and your personal preference.
Consider factors like the frequency of your off-road adventures, the types of obstacles you encounter, and the desired level of comfort and control.
Factors Influencing Suspension Durability
Several factors play a role in the longevity of your dune buggy’s front suspension. Quality of materials used in the components is paramount. Robust construction, employing high-strength alloys and reinforced designs, directly translates to increased durability. Another crucial factor is proper installation. Following the manufacturer’s instructions meticulously ensures the suspension components are correctly aligned and tensioned, minimizing stress points and potential wear.
Lastly, the operating environment significantly impacts durability. Exposure to harsh weather conditions, extreme temperatures, and excessive impacts from rough terrain can accelerate wear and tear. Regular maintenance, as Artikeld in the following section, plays a vital role in mitigating these effects.
Maintenance for Optimal Performance
Regular maintenance is critical for maintaining the performance and durability of your front suspension kit. Proper care ensures components function optimally, minimizing wear and tear and extending the lifespan of your system. This involves inspecting for any signs of damage, checking for loose or worn components, and performing scheduled lubrication to reduce friction and maintain smooth operation. Failure to maintain your suspension can lead to costly repairs or even premature failure, impacting both your driving experience and the overall integrity of your dune buggy.
Typical Maintenance Schedule
| Maintenance Task | Frequency | Description ||—|—|—|| Visual Inspection (for damage, wear) | Weekly | Check for any signs of damage, cracks, or unusual wear on the suspension components, such as control arms, ball joints, and bushings. || Lubrication of Pivot Points | Monthly | Lubricate all pivot points, bushings, and hinges with appropriate grease or lubricant to minimize friction and maintain smooth operation.
Pay particular attention to the shock absorbers. || Alignment Check | Quarterly | Have a professional alignment check performed to ensure the suspension components are properly aligned, and the suspension system is functioning correctly. || Shock Absorber Fluid Check/Replacement | Every 6 months or 1000 miles | Check the shock absorber fluid level and replace if necessary. This ensures optimal shock absorption and handling.
|| Bushings Replacement (as needed) | As required | Replace worn or damaged bushings as necessary to maintain optimal performance and handling. |
Customization and Modification Options
Unlocking the full potential of your dune buggy’s front suspension kit often involves customization. This opens a world of possibilities, allowing you to tailor the suspension to your specific needs and preferences. Whether you’re tackling extreme off-road terrain or simply want a smoother ride on paved roads, the right modifications can make a big difference.
Available Customization Options
Numerous customization options are available, ranging from simple upgrades to more complex modifications. These choices can significantly alter the handling, performance, and ride quality of your buggy. Consider factors like intended use, terrain conditions, and personal preferences when selecting customization options.
- Coil Spring Stiffness Adjustment: Different coil spring rates provide varying levels of suspension firmness. Softer springs offer a more comfortable ride but might sacrifice some handling responsiveness on rough terrain. Stiffer springs offer better handling and responsiveness but can lead to a harsher ride.
- Shock Absorber Modifications: Shock absorber adjustments, such as changing the rebound and compression settings, can drastically alter the suspension’s performance. Adjusting rebound controls how quickly the suspension returns to its normal position after a bump, while compression controls the shock’s initial reaction to a bump. Different settings can drastically change the ride quality and handling.
- Control Arm Length Adjustments: Modifying the length of the control arms can alter the geometry of the suspension. This can affect the vehicle’s approach and departure angles, impacting its ability to navigate steep inclines and declines.
- Anti-Roll Bar Modifications: Adjusting the anti-roll bar’s stiffness can improve or reduce the tendency of the buggy to roll during turns. Stiffer bars provide more stability but can lead to a less comfortable ride on uneven surfaces. Softer bars offer a more comfortable ride but may result in more body roll during aggressive maneuvers.
Modifying Suspension Components for Specific Needs
Modifying suspension components requires careful consideration and precise execution. Improper modifications can compromise the vehicle’s stability and safety. Always consult the manufacturer’s recommendations and guidelines for specific instructions.
- Coil Spring Replacement: Select springs with appropriate spring rates to suit your intended use. Consider consulting a suspension specialist for guidance on choosing the right spring rate for your specific terrain and driving style.
- Shock Absorber Tuning: Experiment with different rebound and compression settings to achieve the desired ride quality and handling characteristics. Adjustments should be made incrementally and with caution to avoid compromising the suspension’s overall performance.
- Control Arm Modification: Consider the impact on the buggy’s geometry when altering control arm lengths. This is a more advanced modification, and it’s recommended to consult a knowledgeable mechanic.
- Anti-Roll Bar Modification: Modifying the anti-roll bar should be done in a way that maintains the vehicle’s stability without significantly compromising ride comfort.
Impact of Modifications on Performance and Handling
Modifications to the front suspension kit can significantly impact the dune buggy’s performance and handling. The right modifications can enhance the vehicle’s ability to navigate various terrains, improving its overall off-road capability.
| Customization Option | Effect on Performance | Effect on Handling |
|---|---|---|
| Stiffer Coil Springs | Improved handling, reduced body roll | Harsher ride quality |
| Softer Coil Springs | More comfortable ride | Reduced handling precision, increased body roll |
| Longer Control Arms | Increased approach/departure angles | Potential for increased body roll, decreased turning radius |
| Stiffer Anti-Roll Bar | Enhanced stability during turns | Reduced body roll, less responsive handling |
Choosing the Right Front Suspension Kit: Dune Buggy Front Suspension Kit
Finding the perfect front suspension kit for your dune buggy is a crucial step in optimizing its performance and longevity. It’s like selecting the right shoes for a marathon; the wrong fit can lead to discomfort and poor results. Consider the terrain you’ll be tackling, your driving style, and the overall build of your buggy when making your choice.
The right kit will not only enhance your off-road adventures but also ensure the safety and stability of your vehicle.Choosing a front suspension kit involves careful consideration of various factors, from the terrain you frequent to the budget you have. You need a kit that’s both capable and suitable for your unique needs. A well-matched kit ensures that your dune buggy handles bumps and obstacles with confidence, providing a smoother and more controlled ride.
Key Factors to Consider
Understanding the specific requirements of your dune buggy is essential before selecting a kit. Factors like the weight of the vehicle, the type of terrain you frequently drive on, and the intended use of the buggy will influence your choice. Consider the frequency and intensity of your off-road adventures, as this will dictate the level of performance and durability you need.
A kit designed for extreme off-roading will differ significantly from one meant for occasional use.
- Terrain: Are you primarily navigating smooth trails, or do you frequently encounter rocky terrain, steep inclines, or deep sand? Different terrains demand different suspension characteristics. A kit optimized for rocky trails will feature different components than one suited for sandy dunes.
- Budget: Front suspension kits vary significantly in price. Set a budget beforehand and explore options within that range. High-end kits often incorporate advanced technologies and premium materials, leading to superior performance and durability, but at a higher cost. Lower-cost kits might be sufficient for less demanding situations.
- Vehicle Specifications: Ensure the kit is compatible with your specific dune buggy model. Incorrectly sized parts can lead to installation issues and potential damage. Consult the manufacturer’s specifications and the kit’s compatibility chart to confirm a perfect fit.
- Desired Performance: Do you prioritize maximum ground clearance, superior shock absorption, or enhanced handling? Consider the specific performance features you seek in the kit to match your driving needs. High-performance kits often offer a combination of these advantages.
Brand and Model Comparison
Different brands and models offer various features, performance capabilities, and price points. Researching different options allows you to find the best fit for your budget and preferences.
| Brand | Model | Key Features | Price (estimated) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trailblazer Suspension | XTREME | High-strength steel components, adjustable shocks, superior durability | $800 – $1200 |
| Desert Dynamics | Pro-Series | Lightweight aluminum construction, progressive springs, excellent handling | $750 – $1050 |
| Off-Road Innovations | Pro-Trail | Tough powder-coated finish, easily adjustable geometry, reliable components | $600 – $900 |
| Apex Suspension | Extreme Duty | Heavy-duty construction, enhanced stability, extreme off-road capabilities | $1200 – $1500 |
Reading Reviews and Specifications
Thorough research is crucial for making an informed decision. Reading customer reviews provides insights into the real-world performance and durability of different kits. Check the specifications to ensure the kit aligns with your vehicle’s requirements and anticipated use. Pay attention to details like the type of springs, shock absorbers, and mounting hardware to understand the potential strengths and weaknesses of the kit.
Safety Considerations for Dune Buggy Front Suspension
Crucial to any dune buggy modification, particularly the front suspension, is prioritizing safety. A well-maintained and correctly installed suspension system not only enhances performance but also ensures the rider’s well-being. Ignoring safety precautions can lead to serious injury or even fatal accidents. This section dives deep into the safety aspects of dune buggy front suspensions, highlighting crucial installation and operational considerations.Proper installation is paramount.
Improper installation can lead to a suspension that doesn’t function as intended, resulting in unpredictable handling, and even catastrophic failure. The potential for accidents increases significantly if the suspension is not set up and maintained correctly.
Importance of Proper Installation Procedures
Careful adherence to the manufacturer’s installation instructions is vital. These instructions are not just guidelines; they are safety protocols designed to prevent issues. Skilled technicians with experience in dune buggy modifications are recommended for the installation process, especially for complex suspension kits. Thoroughness during installation minimizes the risk of misalignment, component damage, and potentially dangerous handling characteristics.
Following the step-by-step process Artikeld in the manufacturer’s instructions is key.
Potential Risks of Improper Suspension Setup
Improper suspension setup can manifest in several ways, posing various risks. These risks range from compromised handling to potential for catastrophic failure. For instance, incorrect spring preload can result in excessive or insufficient suspension travel, making the buggy unpredictable on uneven terrain. Misaligned components can lead to binding, making steering erratic and potentially causing loss of control.
Overloading the suspension system beyond its capacity can cause premature failure, increasing the risk of accidents. These issues are best avoided through thorough inspection and adherence to the manufacturer’s specifications.
Mitigation of Safety Hazards
Several measures can mitigate these hazards. Regular inspection of suspension components for wear and tear is critical. This proactive approach can detect potential problems before they escalate into serious issues. Using high-quality, appropriate components for the intended use is essential. This includes springs, shocks, bushings, and other critical parts.
A thorough understanding of the buggy’s load capacity is also vital. Avoid exceeding the maximum weight limit to prevent overloading and subsequent suspension failure.
Safety Guidelines for Dune Buggy Front Suspension Maintenance
| Maintenance Task | Safety Precautions |
|---|---|
| Visual Inspection | Inspect for damage, wear, or misalignment. Use appropriate tools and eye protection. |
| Component Replacement | Ensure correct replacement parts are used. Follow manufacturer’s instructions. Work in a well-ventilated area. |
| Suspension Adjustment | Use the correct tools and follow the manufacturer’s specifications. Ensure all components are properly tightened. Seek professional help if needed. |
| Load Capacity Check | Thoroughly assess the load before each use. Ensure the load is distributed evenly. |
| Steering Assessment | Check for any binding or unusual resistance. Correct any misalignment issues. |
Adhering to these safety guidelines can dramatically reduce the risk of accidents.
Troubleshooting and Repair
Bringing your dune buggy’s front suspension back from the brink of breakdown is like reviving a desert oasis. With a little know-how and the right tools, you can diagnose and fix common issues, ensuring your ride remains smooth and reliable. This section delves into the art of problem-solving for your front suspension system, empowering you to become a suspension guru.Knowing the common pitfalls of your front suspension system allows you to anticipate and address problems proactively.
A well-maintained suspension system is a key to enjoying the off-road experience, and preventing potential issues is crucial. Understanding the cause of a problem often leads to a faster, more efficient repair.
Identifying Common Suspension Issues
Front suspension systems, like any complex mechanical system, are susceptible to wear and tear. Common problems include worn bushings, loose or broken ball joints, damaged control arms, and faulty shock absorbers. These issues often manifest as noises, uneven handling, or a loss of responsiveness.
Troubleshooting Steps for Common Problems
A systematic approach is crucial when diagnosing front suspension issues. Start by visually inspecting the components for obvious damage, such as cracks or bends in the control arms or damage to the shock absorber bodies. Next, listen for unusual noises while driving or when moving the suspension components by hand. Note any play or looseness in the joints and linkages.
Finally, evaluate the handling characteristics, looking for uneven tire wear, pulling to one side, or a bouncy ride.
Repairing or Replacing Damaged Components
Replacing damaged components is a necessary part of maintaining a well-functioning front suspension system. If you find worn or damaged components, it’s best to replace them with high-quality aftermarket parts or genuine manufacturer parts. Ensure proper installation procedures are followed meticulously. If you’re uncomfortable with the repair, consulting a qualified mechanic is always recommended. Improper repairs can lead to more serious issues down the line.
Table of Common Suspension Problems and Solutions
| Problem | Possible Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Squeaking or Grinding Noise | Loose or worn bushings, bearings, or ball joints | Tighten or replace the loose components. Lubricate the moving parts. |
| Uneven Tire Wear | Misalignment, worn or bent control arms, loose or worn ball joints | Check for misalignment, and replace worn or bent parts. Address the underlying cause of the misalignment. |
| Bouncy or Unresponsive Ride | Damaged or worn shock absorbers | Inspect the shock absorbers for damage. Replace worn shock absorbers. |
| Pulling to One Side | Uneven tire pressure, misalignment, bent or damaged control arms, or worn ball joints | Check tire pressure, adjust alignment, replace bent or damaged components. |
